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Endocrine & Hormonal

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) Clinical Trials and Treatments

Also called HPP, Rathbun Disease, Odontohypophosphatasia, Perinatal Hypophosphatasia, Infantile Hypophosphatasia, Childhood Hypophosphatasia, Adult Hypophosphatasia, Phosphoethanolaminuria

Hypophosphatasia is caused by changes in the ALPL gene, which carries the instructions for tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). This enzyme clears away inorganic pyrophosphate, a substance that blocks calcium and phosphate from entering bone.

FDA-approved medicines

1

Strensiq

Active trials

7

7 recruiting now

Next FDA decision

First half of 2027

Efzimfotase alfa

Medicines are those whose current FDA label names Hypophosphatasia, checked October 14, 2026. Corticosteroids and immune globulins count once each. Download the data

View 7 active trialsMatch me to a trial

About Hypophosphatasia

Hypophosphatasia is caused by changes in the ALPL gene, which carries the instructions for tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). This enzyme clears away inorganic pyrophosphate, a substance that blocks calcium and phosphate from entering bone. With too little enzyme, pyrophosphate builds up, bones stay soft and poorly mineralized, and teeth are poorly anchored and lost early. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6, also piles up. High PLP in the blood is one of the best clues to the diagnosis, and in severely affected babies the trapped B6 cannot reach the brain, which is why their seizures respond to pyridoxine.

The diagnosis usually starts with a routine blood test showing alkaline phosphatase below the normal range for the person's age and sex. Children normally run higher than adults, so a child's result can look normal against an adult range and be missed. Doctors confirm the picture with a plasma PLP level, X-rays and ALPL gene testing.

Strensiq (asfotase alfa), approved by the FDA in 2015, replaces the missing enzyme by injection under the skin 3 or 6 times a week for people whose HPP began in the womb, infancy or childhood, at any current age. In its trials, 91% of treated infants were alive at last contact against 27% in an untreated historical group. There is no approved drug for adult-onset HPP; care centers on pain control, fracture management, dental care and physical therapy, and NORD advises avoiding bisphosphonates, the usual osteoporosis drugs, because they can make HPP worse.

Common Symptoms of Hypophosphatasia

Recognizing the signs of Hypophosphatasia early can lead to faster diagnosis and better outcomes. Symptoms may vary in severity from person to person. If you or a loved one are experiencing any of the following, consider speaking with a specialist.

  • Baby teeth falling out early, often before age 5, and sometimes adult teeth lost later
  • Rickets-like bone changes in children: bowed legs, widened wrists and ankles, a misshapen chest, short stature and a waddling walk
  • Fractures that happen easily or heal slowly, including stress fractures in the feet and partial fractures (pseudofractures) in the thigh bone in adults
  • Muscle weakness, delayed walking or crawling in children, and fatigue in adults
  • Bone, joint and muscle pain, sometimes with calcium crystal deposits around joints (chondrocalcinosis or pseudogout)
  • In infants: poor feeding and weight gain, floppy muscle tone, breathing problems from a soft rib cage, and high blood calcium
  • Seizures in babies that respond to vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), a sign of the most severe forms
  • Early fusion of the skull bones (craniosynostosis), which can raise pressure inside the head and cause headaches
  • Calcium deposits in the kidneys (nephrocalcinosis) or kidney stones
  • In the mildest adult form: only unexplained low alkaline phosphatase on a routine blood test, with aches or an osteoporosis diagnosis that does not respond as expected

Who Hypophosphatasia Affects

HPP affects males and females equally and shows up at every age. Doctors sort it by when symptoms begin: perinatal (before or at birth, the most severe), infantile (before 6 months), childhood, adult, and odontohypophosphatasia, in which only the teeth are affected. The earlier it starts, the more severe it tends to be, although severity varies even within one family.

The perinatal and infantile forms are autosomal recessive, meaning a child inherits a changed ALPL gene from both parents, who are usually healthy carriers. The childhood form can be recessive or dominant. The adult and dental forms are usually autosomal dominant, so 1 changed copy is enough and the condition often runs through several generations, though many carriers have few or no symptoms.

Severe HPP is most frequent in Canadian Mennonite communities, where a founder variant raises the rate to about 1 in 2,500 births, is relatively common in Japan, and appears rare in people of Black ancestry (NORD, GeneReviews). Adults make up most people living with the condition, and many are diagnosed only after years of fractures, dental problems or a low alkaline phosphatase result that no one followed up.

Find Your Next Step

Find trials I might fit Answer a few questions and see which open Hypophosphatasia trials fit your age, location and treatment history.

FDA-Approved Treatments for Hypophosphatasia

There is currently 1 FDA-approved medication for Hypophosphatasia. These therapies represent the current standard of care and may be used alongside or compared against investigational treatments in active clinical trials.

asfotase alfa
Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease
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Source: openFDA drug labeling data. This list may not include all treatments. Always consult your doctor.

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Hypophosphatasia Medicines in Clinical Trials

Investigational medicines Trial Friend tracks for Hypophosphatasia, with trial results, safety findings and where each one stands.

Help Paying for Hypophosphatasia Treatment

Charity funds and drugmaker programs for Hypophosphatasia, checked at the source.

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Side Effect Explorer

Real-world side effect reports from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Includes both FDA-approved drugs and investigational therapies from active clinical trials. Click any drug to see what patients reported.

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Genetic Testing

Genetic testing can confirm a diagnosis, guide treatment decisions, and identify family members who may be at risk.

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Trusted Hypophosphatasia Resources

Reputable organizations and medical references for learning more about Hypophosphatasia, including disease registries, foundation resources, and clinical guidelines.

FDA decision ahead
The FDA is due to decide on Efzimfotase alfa (ALXN1850) (AstraZeneca (Alexion)) for Hypophosphatasia in the first half of 2027. Next-generation enzyme replacement therapy under priority review for patients aged 2 and older with hypophosphatasia, an inherited disorder of low alkaline phosphatase activity that leaves bones and teeth poorly mineralized. The application rests on 3 Phase 3 trials: MULBERRY met its X-ray primary endpoint in children, CHESTNUT showed children could switch from Strensiq with similar side effects, and HICKORY in adolescents and adults improved the 6-minute walk by 17.05 m over placebo without reaching statistical significance (p=0.1675), which AstraZeneca attributes to a strong placebo response in adult-onset patients. Alexion's older enzyme, Strensiq, is approved only for pediatric-onset HPP. AstraZeneca has disclosed only that it expects an FDA decision in the first half of 2027.
See all upcoming rare disease FDA decisions →

Active Clinical Trials for Hypophosphatasia

Use this Hypophosphatasia clinical trial finder to see the 7 studies recruiting patients in the United States and worldwide, with eligibility criteria in plain English. Of these, 1 tests a treatment and 6 are observational studies or registries; each card says which. These studies play a critical role in advancing care for endocrine & hormonal conditions and may offer access to treatments not yet widely available. Each trial below is sourced directly from ClinicalTrials.gov, with eligibility criteria translated into plain English to help patients and caregivers evaluate whether a study may be a fit.

New to trials? What Placebos and Randomization Actually Mean for You (In Plain English) · 4 min readWorried about cost? The Hidden Costs of Joining a Clinical Trial (And How to Get Help Paying for Them) · 4 min read
TrialsSite mapPipeline timelineMedication checker

Note: Trial recruitment statuses on ClinicalTrials.gov may not immediately reflect recent FDA decisions, sponsor announcements, or enrollment changes. Always confirm a trial's current status directly with the study coordinator before making plans.

7 active trials worldwide
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RECRUITINGObservational study, no treatment givenRecently updatedNCT07390240

The Effect of Monoallelic Variants in the ALPL Gene on the Natural Course of Hypophosphatasia in Russia

Sponsor: AstraZeneca

The effect of monoallelic variants in the ALPL gene on the natural course of hypophosphatasia (HPP) in children and adults in Russia (ATLANTIS)

Ages not specified4 locations
Started Dec 2025Updated 3 weeks agoEst. Jun 2030 (~3y 8m)
RECRUITINGObservational study, no treatment givenRecently updatedNCT05596539

Prospective, Longitudinal, Observational Registry of Adult Patients With Hypophosphatasia (REG-HYPO)

Intervention: Data collection

Sponsor: Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris

The purpose of this study is to assess medical events during follow-up of adult patients having hypophosphatasia and consulting rheumatologists.

Ages 18 Years+11 locations
Started Mar 2023Updated 2 months agoEst. Sep 2026
RECRUITINGTreatment trialPhase 1/2Recently updatedNCT07179640

A Study to Assess Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of ALE1 in Healthy Adults and Adults With Hypophosphatasia in Order to Identify Suitable Doses of ALE1

Intervention: ALE1, Placebo

Sponsor: Alesta Therapeutics

This is a phase 1/2a randomised, placebo controlled, double-blind study investigating the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ALE1 on healthy adult subjects and adult patients with Hypophosphatasia (HPP).

Ages 18 Years to 50 Years3 locations
Started Sep 2025Updated 2 months agoEst. Jan 2027 (~3 months)
RECRUITINGObservational study, no treatment givenNo updates in a whileNCT02237625

Natural History Study of Patients With Hypophosphatasia (HPP)

Sponsor: Duke University

Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized by defective bone and teeth mineralization caused by mutations of the ALPL gene, which encodes for the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) isozyme, resulting in decreased serum and bone alkal...

Ages not specified1 location
Started Sep 2014Updated 7 months agoEst. Sep 2027 (~11 months)
RECRUITINGObservational study, no treatment givenNo updates in a whileNCT05234567

A Prospective Sub-Study of the Global Hypophosphatasia Registry

Intervention: Asfotase Alfa

Sponsor: Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

In this prospective observational sub-study, participants with pediatric-onset hypophosphatasia (HPP) (perinatal/infantile- or juvenile-onset) of any age will be followed for a minimum of 5 years at sites in the United States and potentially 1 or 2 other countries.

Ages not specified12 locations
Started Aug 2022Updated 8 months agoEst. Jul 2028 (~1y 9m)
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Active trial locations14 cities in the US
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Trial Pipeline

Jan 2021 to Oct 2031
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Can I Join a Hypophosphatasia Clinical Trial While Taking My Current Medications?

This medication conflict checker helps people with hypophosphatasia (HPP) and their caregivers see whether a current medicine could affect eligibility for an HPP study. Select one or more medications below to screen the active trials and registries for possible conflicts.

HPP has 1 approved drug, Strensiq (asfotase alfa), and the studies that matter most right now are built around it: the Phase 3 trials of efzimfotase alfa enrolled people who had never taken Strensiq (HICKORY and MULBERRY) or people already on it for at least 6 months (CHESTNUT), and BioMarin's oral ALE1 study excludes anyone who has ever had enzyme replacement. Beyond that, the medicines people with HPP commonly take, pain relievers, vitamin B6, bone drugs prescribed for a mistaken osteoporosis diagnosis, and seizure medicines, each show up differently in eligibility criteria. The checker reads the published criteria of every active HPP study and flags the ones that mention your medicine.

Enzyme Replacement Therapy
Strensiq (asfotase alfa) — the single biggest eligibility factor. Studies of new HPP drugs usually sort people by whether they have ever taken asfotase alfa: HICKORY and MULBERRY required no prior Strensiq, CHESTNUT required at least 6 months on it at 6 mg/kg a week, and the ALE1 study excludes any prior enzyme replacement or gene therapy. A registry such as the Global HPP Registry takes people on or off treatment.
Bone Drugs
Bisphosphonates (alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate, zoledronic acid), teriparatide — NORD advises people with HPP to avoid bisphosphonates, which can worsen the disease, and many adults were prescribed one before HPP was recognized. Trials commonly exclude any treatment for osteoporotic diseases or any drug that affects bone structure; the ALE1 study does both. Teriparatide, used off-label in some adults with HPP fractures, falls under the same exclusions. Tell the study team exactly what you took and when.
Pain Relievers
NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen), acetaminophen, prescription pain medicines — bone, joint and muscle pain is part of HPP and NSAIDs are standard supportive care. Pain medicines rarely exclude anyone outright, but trials that measure walking, sit-to-stand or pain scores may ask for a stable dose for several weeks before screening so the measurement is not blurred by a dose change.
Vitamins and Minerals
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin D, calcium — pyridoxine controls seizures in severely affected infants and is not a reason for exclusion. Calcium and vitamin D need care in HPP because blood calcium can already run high; study protocols often ask about them and may exclude uncontrolled high calcium or active hyperparathyroidism, which is an exclusion in the efzimfotase alfa trials, rather than the supplements themselves.
Seizure and Other Daily Medicines
Anti-seizure drugs, blood pressure, thyroid, diabetes and mood medicines — the medicines for other conditions are rarely the reason a trial excludes you. When the checker flags one at low confidence it usually means the trial excludes a disorder that could interfere with the study or with how the drug is absorbed, in the protocol's words, and the study doctor decides case by case whether yours counts.
Took a bisphosphonate before your HPP diagnosis?
Many adults were treated for osteoporosis for years before anyone checked their alkaline phosphatase. Bisphosphonates stay in bone long after the last dose, so a study may still count them as a bone-active drug and ask about dates and total exposure. Bring that history, including any infusions of zoledronic acid, to the screening call; it does not always exclude you, but the team has to know.
On Strensiq? Switch studies are the ones built for you
Being on enzyme replacement closes the door to treatment-naive trials but opens others. CHESTNUT enrolled children on a stable Strensiq dose and compared switching with staying; its extension continues. If efzimfotase alfa is approved in 2027, the question of switching moves from trials to the clinic. Registries welcome people on treatment and their data feed the FDA-required study of long-term response.
Registries and natural history studies take almost everyone
Most open HPP studies today are observational: the Global HPP Registry, Duke's natural history study, the Paris adult registry and AstraZeneca's ATLANTIS study of people with a single ALPL variant. They collect blood tests, X-rays and symptoms without changing your treatment, so your medicine list almost never matters. Joining one is also how researchers find people for future drug trials.
Don't see your medication listed?
The checker covers the medicines that appear most often in HPP eligibility criteria: enzyme replacement, bone-active drugs, pain relievers, vitamins and minerals, seizure medicines and common daily medications. If yours is missing, it has not come up in current HPP criteria, but tell the study team about everything you take, including supplements, when you contact them.
How the medication conflict checker works: This free tool helps people with hypophosphatasia learn whether their current medications could affect clinical trial eligibility. It scans the published eligibility criteria of every active HPP study and flags the ones that may exclude your treatment. Matches are sorted by confidence: high confidence means the study names your exact drug, medium confidence means it names your drug class, and low confidence means it uses broad language that may or may not apply. Select one or more of your medications above to see which studies you may still qualify for. Always confirm eligibility with the study team, who will weigh your full history, your ALP and PLP levels, your gene result and your bone specialist's assessment.

Across 1,853 open rare disease treatment trials, a third exclude people over a medication they commonly take. See which medications and diseases, in our September 2026 analysis.

Sources: Eligibility details above come from ClinicalTrials.gov records NCT06079281 (HICKORY), NCT06079359 (MULBERRY), NCT06079372 (CHESTNUT) and NCT07179640 (ALE1), read October 18, 2026, and from NORD's hypophosphatasia report on bisphosphonate avoidance.

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Always talk to your doctor before considering a clinical trial.

Patient Communities

Connect with other Hypophosphatasia patients, caregivers, and advocacy groups across Facebook groups, Reddit communities, and YouTube channels. These patient communities offer peer support, shared experiences, caregiver resources, and real-time discussion about Hypophosphatasia treatments, clinical trial participation, and day-to-day disease management.

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Soft Bones, the US Hypophosphatasia Foundation
The US patient organization for HPP: newly diagnosed guides, webinars, a podcast, emergency preparedness cards, research grants, regional leads and the annual National Patient Meeting (next: June 25 to 26, 2027, Dallas). Toll-free (866) 827-9937
Soft Bones: Newly Diagnosed
Where Soft Bones sends new patients and parents first: what HPP is, the 5 forms, how it is diagnosed and what to ask
Soft Bones: Low alkaline phosphatase explained
For people whose routine bloodwork shows low ALP and who are wondering whether it could be HPP
HPP AND ME monthly Zoom chats
Soft Bones' live peer chats for patients and caregivers, held over Zoom with registration; the next is October 29, 2026 at 8 PM Eastern
Soft Bones Facebook group
The foundation's private group for patients, parents and family members
Soft Bones on YouTube
Recorded webinars with HPP specialists, patient stories and meeting sessions
Soft Bones podcast
Interviews with patients, caregivers and clinicians, on Spotify
HPP United
A global alliance of independent HPP patient organizations and patient representatives, introduced in September 2026
Global HPP Registry
The long-term registry named on the Strensiq label, open to people with HPP whether or not they take Strensiq; it also feeds the FDA-required study of treatment response over time
Alexion OneSource
Alexion's support program for people prescribed Strensiq: specialists who help people start and stay on treatment, injection training, copay help for commercially insured patients and peer connections. 1-888-765-4747
NORD Rare Disease Report
Reviewed plain-language medical overview from the National Organization for Rare Disorders, written with Dr. Michael Whyte, with HPP-specific RareCare assistance programs (866-828-8902)

Events

Events from Soft Bones, the US Hypophosphatasia Foundation: a monthly peer Zoom chat, World HPP Day on October 30, and the foundation's scientific meeting for researchers and clinicians. The next National Patient Meeting is June 25 to 26, 2027 in Dallas; it is listed once registration opens on March 1, 2027.

Soft Bones, the US Hypophosphatasia Foundation
Soft Bones, the US Hypophosphatasia FoundationFrom softbones.org, checked October 18, 2026
Support Group

HPP AND ME Live Zoom Chat (Soft Bones)

When
8:00 to 9:00 PM Eastern, October 29, 2026About monthly (see the Soft Bones calendar)
Where
Zoom
Cost
Free
For
People with HPP, parents and caregivers

Soft Bones' live peer chat for people living with hypophosphatasia and the people who care for them. The foundation describes it as a chance to connect with others and share insights; it is a conversation, not a lecture.

Registration is required through the Zoom link on the event page. The series repeats roughly monthly; check the Soft Bones calendar for the next date.

Soft Bones, the US Hypophosphatasia Foundation
Soft Bones, the US Hypophosphatasia FoundationFrom softbones.org, checked October 18, 2026
Awareness Day

World HPP Day 2026: We Are HPP

When
October 30, 2026, all dayEvery year on October 30
Where
Online, on social media
Cost
Free
For
Anyone touched by HPP

The annual awareness day for hypophosphatasia, observed on October 30. The 2026 theme, We Are HPP, asks patients, caregivers, clinicians and researchers to share photos, stories and the symptoms that led to a diagnosis, tagged #WorldHPPDay and #WeAreHPP.

Soft Bones' campaign page offers profile frames, printable signs, fact cards, a Zoom background, a media outreach toolkit and a guide to hosting a fundraiser. This year the day also introduces HPP United, a new global alliance of HPP patient groups. World HPP Day is sponsored in part by Alexion.

New York City (venue not yet posted)
Soft Bones, the US Hypophosphatasia Foundation
Soft Bones, the US Hypophosphatasia FoundationFrom softbones.org, checked October 18, 2026
For Researchers and Clinicians

Third Soft Bones International Scientific Meeting

When
November 6 to 8, 2026
Where
New York City (venue not posted)
Cost
Not posted
For
Researchers, clinicians and industry partners

Soft Bones' third international scientific meeting brings together HPP researchers, clinicians and industry partners to advance research and improve patient care. It is where the field meets, and summaries usually reach families afterward through the foundation's newsletter and webinars.

The event page names only the city and dates and asks the community to support the meeting through a $25,000 fundraising goal. Patients who want to attend should contact Soft Bones directly.

Details come from Soft Bones' own event pages (softbones.org/events and softbones.org/world-hpp-day-2026), checked October 18, 2026. The scientific meeting page lists no venue, times or registration link, so confirm with Soft Bones before planning travel. Times are shown as the host posted them.

Related Conditions

Conditions that share genes, symptoms or treatments with Hypophosphatasia, followed by others in the endocrine & hormonal category. Patients with Hypophosphatasia may find relevant research, shared treatment pathways, or overlapping clinical trials among these related conditions.

Companies Developing Hypophosphatasia Treatments

3 pharmaceutical companies have Hypophosphatasia in their rare disease portfolio

Frequently Asked Questions About Hypophosphatasia