About Colorado Tick Fever
Colorado tick fever is caused by a coltivirus carried by the Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor andersoni), which picks it up from ground squirrels, chipmunks and other small mammals. The virus infects red blood cell precursors in the bone marrow, so it stays in the blood for weeks after the illness, which is why people who have had it are asked not to donate blood for 6 months.
The illness begins 1 to 14 days after a bite with fever, chills, headache, body aches and exhaustion. About half of patients have a biphasic fever: a few days of fever, a day or 2 of feeling better, then a second bout. Low white blood cells and platelets are common. Severe disease is rare but can include meningitis, encephalitis, hepatitis or inflammation of the heart. Death is rare and usually tied to bleeding complications or brain inflammation in children. The most common lasting problem is fatigue and weakness, which can take several weeks to clear, especially in adults over 30.
PCR on blood is the most sensitive test early in the illness; antibody tests may not turn positive for 14 to 21 days. Testing is available at some commercial and state health labs and at the CDC. There is no antiviral treatment or vaccine, so care is supportive: rest, fluids and fever control. Because the Rocky Mountain wood tick also carries Rocky Mountain spotted fever and tularemia, doctors in the mountain West often start doxycycline while sorting out which infection a patient has; it does not treat Colorado tick fever but covers the bacterial possibilities.
Common Symptoms of Colorado Tick Fever
Recognizing the signs of Colorado Tick Fever early can lead to faster diagnosis and better outcomes. Symptoms may vary in severity from person to person. If you or a loved one are experiencing any of the following, consider speaking with a specialist.
- Fever, chills, headache and body aches, 1 to 14 days after a tick bite
- A fever that drops for a day or 2 and then returns, in about half of patients
- Feeling very tired, sometimes for weeks afterward
- Sore throat, vomiting, stomach pain or a rash in some people
- Stiff neck or confusion in rare severe cases
- Rarely, inflammation of the heart, brain or liver
Who Colorado Tick Fever Affects
Hikers, campers and people who live or work in Rocky Mountain wood tick habitat at 4,000 to 10,000 feet, in Colorado, Utah, Montana, Wyoming, Idaho and neighboring states, mostly from March through July. Adults over 30 are more likely to have prolonged weakness and fatigue afterward. Rare deaths have involved bleeding disorders or brain inflammation in children.
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Diagnosis and Testing
Tick-borne viral infection, diagnosed by PCR or antibody tests; not genetic.
Trusted Colorado Tick Fever Resources
Reputable organizations and medical references for learning more about Colorado Tick Fever, including disease registries, foundation resources, and clinical guidelines.