About Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare progressive disease of the pulmonary vasculature characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and elevated right ventricular afterload, leading to right heart failure and death if untreated.
PAH involves complex pathophysiology including endothelial dysfunction, vasoconstriction (abnormal nitric oxide and prostacyclin signaling), thrombosis, and vascular remodeling with progressive reduction of cross-sectional area available for blood flow. Idiopathic PAH (IPAH) has no identifiable cause but involves genetic predisposition (BMPR2, ALK1, ENG mutations).
Secondary PAH occurs with connective tissue diseases (particularly scleroderma), chronic lung disease, liver disease, chronic hypoxia, and HIV. Patients experience dyspnea, chest pain, fatigue, and syncope. Without treatment, median survival from diagnosis is approximately 2.8 years; with modern combination therapies, outcomes have improved dramatically.
Common Symptoms of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Recognizing the signs of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension early can lead to faster diagnosis and better outcomes. Symptoms may vary in severity from person to person. If you or a loved one are experiencing any of the following, consider speaking with a specialist.
- Shortness of breath, especially with exertion
- Chest pain or pressure
- Syncope (fainting) or near-syncope
- Fatigue and weakness
- Swelling in legs and abdomen
- Bluish lips and skin (cyanosis) in advanced disease
Who Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Affects
Can occur at any age; idiopathic PAH peaks in women ages 20-60. Heritable PAH (BMPR2 mutations) has no age predilection. Multiple risk factors including connective tissue disease, HIV, liver disease, and chronic hypoxia.
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FDA-Approved Treatments for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
There are currently 12 FDA-approved medications for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. These therapies represent the current standard of care and may be used alongside or compared against investigational treatments in active clinical trials.
Source: openFDA drug labeling data. This list may not include all treatments. Always consult your doctor.
Help Paying for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Treatment
Charity funds and drugmaker programs for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, checked at the source. Pick your insurance to see what fits.
- From a charity · HealthWell FoundationPulmonary Hypertension (Medicare Access) fundOpen
Pays for: Copays, premiums or other treatment costs. Medicare patients only.
- From a charity · TotalAssist (formerly PAN Foundation)Pulmonary Hypertension fundOpen
Pays for: Out-of-pocket costs for approved medications, up to $9,500 per year. Requires health insurance (any kind).
- From a charity · The Assistance FundPulmonary Hypertension fundWaitlist
Pays for: Copays, coinsurance, deductibles and other health-related expenses.
The foundation says: “WAITLIST — Accepting Waitlist Patients. TAF is currently accepting requests to join the enrollment waitlist for this program. Waitlists a…”
- Flolan (Epoprostenol) · J&J withMe (VELETRI)
- Tracleer (Bosentan) · J&J withMe (Oral PAH Savings Program)
- Adempas (Riociguat) · Aim Patient Support Program
- Winrevair (Sotatercept) · The Merck Access Program (MAP)
- Tyvaso (Treprostinil) · United Therapeutics Cares
- Yutrepia (Treprostinil inhalation powder) · Liquidia ACCESS Program
- Uptravi (Selexipag) · J&J withMe (Oral PAH Savings Program)
- Opsumit (Macitentan) · J&J withMe (Oral PAH Savings Program)
- Letairis (Ambrisentan) · LEAP (Letairis Education and Access Program)
- Revatio (Sildenafil) · REVATIO Savings Card (Viatris)
- Adcirca (Tadalafil) · United Therapeutics Cares
Side Effect Explorer
Real-world side effect reports from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Includes both FDA-approved drugs and investigational therapies from active clinical trials. Click any drug to see what patients reported.
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Genetic Testing
Genetic testing can confirm a diagnosis, guide treatment decisions, and identify family members who may be at risk.
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Trusted Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Resources
Reputable organizations and medical references for learning more about Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, including disease registries, foundation resources, and clinical guidelines.
